The College of Medical and Health Sciences was established in 2005 (ROC Year 94) under the name College of Health Sciences and was renamed the College of Medical and Health Sciences in Academic Year 2013 (ROC Year 102). Its academic programs include the Department of Health Industry Management, Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology (renamed in Academic Year 2020), Department of Psychology (established in Academic Year 2013), Department of Nursing (first admitted students in Academic Year 2014), Department of Optometry (first admitted students in Academic Year 2015), Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (first admitted students in Academic Year 2016), Department of Occupational Therapy (first admitted students in Academic Year 2016), Post-Baccalaureate Program in Veterinary Medicine (first admitted students in Academic Year 2016), Department of Physical Therapy (first admitted students in Academic Year 2019), and Department of Social Work, which joined the College in the second semester of Academic Year 2025–2026.

The Department of Health Industry Management originated from the Graduate Institute of Health Management, Graduate Institute of Long-Term Care, and Department of Healthcare Administration. In response to the growing demand for professionals in healthcare services, research, and management, these units merged in 2007 (ROC Year 96) to form the Department of Health and Medical Management. The department offered a daytime undergraduate program, master's programs and in-service master's programs in Health Management and Long-Term Care, as well as an international master's program. In 2007, the Ministry of Education also approved the establishment of a doctoral program in Health and Medical Management. Beginning in Academic Year 2009, the department was renamed the Department of Health Industry Management.

The Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology was established in 2001 (ROC Year 90), originally as the Department of Applied Science of Living. In 2007 (ROC Year 96), it was renamed to align with curriculum planning and future departmental development. It offered a daytime undergraduate program, an in-service bachelor's program, and a master's program. In Academic Year 2017, the department was renamed the Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology to align its curriculum with national professional licensure requirements.

The Department of Biotechnology was established in 2003 (ROC Year 92), offering undergraduate and master's programs. In Academic Year 2020, it was renamed the Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology.

In 2013 (ROC Year 102), the College successively established the Department of Psychology, Department of Nursing, Department of Optometry, Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, Department of Occupational Therapy, and Post-Baccalaureate Program in Veterinary Medicine. The College of Nursing was subsequently established in Academic Year 2019. The Department of Physical Therapy began admitting students in Academic Year 2019, and the Department of Social Work joined the College in 2026 (ROC Year 115).

The College offers curricula that prepare students for professional licensure and certification in a wide range of fields, including healthcare administration, health management, public health, nutrition, food technology, clinical psychology, counseling psychology, medical laboratory science, optometry, audiology, speech-language pathology, occupational therapy, physical therapy, veterinary medicine, and social work.